Type-Certification of VTOL Aircraft

We asked for feedback on the CAA’s approach to type-certification of VTOL aircraft. The CAA policy statement aims at highlighting the approach to type-certification for VTOL aircraft for those seeking to type-certify their aircraft in the UK while the CAA learns more about this type of aircraft, its capabilities, and type of operations they will undertake.

We received 5 responses in total. There was overall support for the approach taken. One respondent wanted to understand if the same principles will apply to certification standards for propellers (CS-P) and engines (CS-E).

Two respondents wanted closer cooperation and alignment with CAA’s international counterparts to expedite approval of VTOLs. One respondent suggested the CAA adopts future EASA Means of Compliance, in consultation with industry, to achieve regulatory alignment.

One respondent asked the CAA to ensure regulations evolve as capabilities of VTOLs and types of operations they participate in evolve as well. Finally, a respondent suggested expanding the description on VTOL to include all aircraft capable of vertical take-off and landing, both with on-board pilot and remotely piloted ones.

We acknowledge that stakeholders were broadly supportive or not against the proposed policy position.

The CAA continues to work very closely with its counterparts around the world, to share knowledge and learn from best practices.  We seek to enable swift introduction of VTOL to the UK market and appreciate the importance of international harmonisation, while maintaining appropriate safety standards for the UK.

We confirm that Certification Specifications for Propellers (CS-P) do apply to propellers used by VTOL. With regard to motors, the CAA is working on developing certification standards specifically for electric motors and will publish the draft standards in the near future.

Regarding EASA’s future Means of Compliance, while we do learn from outputs of other regulators, we are firmly focused on introducing regulations that are appropriate for the UK environment. We will seek to remain aligned with our international partners, insofar as that approach meets the priorities of the UK.

We do not believe it is appropriate to describe VTOL in a way that would include all aircraft capable of vertical take-off and landing. VTOL have a number of unique features, such as number of thrust/lift units and control systems, that necessitates to treat them as a separate group of aircraft.

Treating them as part of existing categories would not sufficiently account for those differences. Regarding expanding the definition to include remotely piloted aircraft, remotely piloted aircraft in the certified category are already subject to UK regulations.

We remain committed to flexibility in the face of an evolving VTOL market. As the technology evolves, and in consultation with industry, we will work to maintain a proportionate approach to the regulatory framework and meet the needs of the UK aviation industry, without compromising on safety standards.